通過式噴淋清洗機(jī)的清洗效果評(píng)估需結(jié)合工件實(shí)際狀態(tài)、工藝要求及設(shè)備性能，通過多維度檢測與分析，判斷清洗是否達(dá)到預(yù)期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為優(yōu)化清洗參數(shù)提供依據(jù)。

　　The evaluation of the cleaning effect of the spray cleaning machine should be based on the actual condition of the workpiece, process requirements, and equipment performance. Through multidimensional detection and analysis, it is necessary to determine whether the cleaning meets the expected standards and provide a basis for optimizing cleaning parameters.

　　外觀與表面清潔度檢查是最直接的評(píng)估方式。取出清洗后的工件，首先通過肉眼觀察其表面狀態(tài)，合格的清洗效果應(yīng)無明顯可見的油污、鐵屑、灰塵等污漬，工件表面色澤均勻，無清洗劑殘留形成的水痕、白霜。對(duì)于有凹槽、縫隙、盲孔的工件，需借助手電筒或放大鏡檢查這些易藏污納垢的部位，確保無污漬堆積 —— 例如齒輪的齒間、軸承的內(nèi)圈凹槽，需用手指觸摸感受是否光滑，無黏膩感或顆粒狀雜質(zhì)。對(duì)于金屬工件，清洗后表面不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)銹蝕、斑點(diǎn)（若因材質(zhì)特性或清洗液不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致銹蝕，需判定為清洗不合格）；塑料工件則需檢查是否有表面損傷、變色等情況，避免因清洗過程中的高壓或化學(xué)作用造成工件損壞。

　　Appearance and surface cleanliness inspection are the most direct evaluation methods. After removing the cleaned workpiece, first observe its surface condition with the naked eye. A qualified cleaning effect should have no obvious visible oil stains, iron filings, dust, or other stains. The surface color of the workpiece should be uniform, and there should be no water marks or white frost formed by residual cleaning agents. For workpieces with grooves, gaps, and blind holes, it is necessary to use a flashlight or magnifying glass to inspect these areas that are prone to dirt and grime accumulation, ensuring that there is no accumulation of stains - such as the grooves between the teeth of gears and the inner ring of bearings, which need to be touched with fingers to feel whether they are smooth, free of stickiness or granular impurities. For metal workpieces, there should be no rust or spots on the surface after cleaning (if rust is caused by material characteristics or improper cleaning solution, it should be judged as unqualified cleaning); Plastic workpieces need to be inspected for surface damage, discoloration, and other conditions to avoid damage caused by high pressure or chemical reactions during the cleaning process.

　　污漬殘留量的量化檢測提升評(píng)估精準(zhǔn)度。對(duì)于油污類污漬，可采用擦拭法：用干凈的白色紗布（或?qū)Ｓ脵z測試紙）蘸取少量無水乙醇，輕輕擦拭工件表面（選取 10×10 厘米的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)區(qū)域），若紗布上無明顯油漬、顏色無變化，說明油污殘留達(dá)標(biāo)；若紗布出現(xiàn)明顯油污痕跡，則需通過稱重法進(jìn)一步檢測（清洗前后紗布的重量差即為油污殘留量），通常要求每平方米工件表面的油污殘留量不超過 5 毫克。對(duì)于顆粒狀雜質(zhì)，可使用膠帶粘貼法：將透明膠帶均勻粘貼在工件表面，撕下后通過顯微鏡觀察膠帶上的顆粒數(shù)量，粒徑大于 50 微米的顆粒應(yīng)少于 3 個(gè) / 平方厘米，確保工件表面的潔凈度滿足后續(xù)加工（如噴涂、裝配）的要求。

　　Quantitative detection of residual stains enhances the accuracy of evaluation. For oil stains, wiping method can be used: dip a small amount of anhydrous ethanol in a clean white gauze (or specialized testing paper), gently wipe the surface of the workpiece (select a standard area of 10 × 10 cm). If there is no obvious oil stain on the gauze and the color has not changed, it indicates that the oil residue meets the standard; If there are obvious oil stains on the gauze, it needs to be further tested by weighing method (the difference in weight of the gauze before and after cleaning is the amount of oil residue), usually requiring that the amount of oil residue on the surface of the workpiece does not exceed 5 milligrams per square meter. For granular impurities, the tape sticking method can be used: evenly stick the transparent tape on the surface of the workpiece, tear it off, and observe the number of particles on the tape under a microscope. The number of particles with a diameter greater than 50 microns should be less than 3 per square centimeter to ensure that the cleanliness of the workpiece surface meets the requirements for subsequent processing (such as spraying and assembly).

　　功能性能驗(yàn)證反映清洗對(duì)工件的實(shí)際影響。對(duì)于精密部件（如液壓閥、傳感器），清洗后需進(jìn)行功能測試，檢查其運(yùn)動(dòng)靈活性、密封性是否正常 —— 例如閥門需手動(dòng)操作數(shù)次，觀察是否有卡滯現(xiàn)象；密封件需進(jìn)行壓力測試，確保無泄漏，若因殘留雜質(zhì)導(dǎo)致功能異常，說明清洗效果未達(dá)標(biāo)。對(duì)于需后續(xù)焊接、粘接的工件，清洗效果需滿足工藝要求：焊接前的工件表面若有油污殘留，會(huì)導(dǎo)致焊接不牢固、出現(xiàn)氣孔；粘接前的工件若有雜質(zhì)，會(huì)影響膠水的附著強(qiáng)度，可通過模擬焊接、粘接試驗(yàn)，檢測工件的結(jié)合性能，判斷清洗是否到位。

　　Functional performance verification reflects the actual impact of cleaning on the workpiece. For precision components such as hydraulic valves and sensors, functional testing is required after cleaning to check their flexibility of movement and whether their sealing is normal - for example, valves need to be manually operated several times to observe whether there is any jamming phenomenon; Seals need to undergo pressure testing to ensure no leakage. If functional abnormalities are caused by residual impurities, it indicates that the cleaning effect has not met the standard. For workpieces that require subsequent welding and bonding, the cleaning effect must meet the process requirements: if there is oil residue on the surface of the workpiece before welding, it will cause weak welding and the appearance of pores; If there are impurities in the workpiece before bonding, it will affect the adhesion strength of the glue. The bonding performance of the workpiece can be tested through simulated welding and bonding tests to determine whether the cleaning is in place.

　　清洗一致性與穩(wěn)定性評(píng)估不可或缺。在批量清洗的工件中，隨機(jī)抽取 10%-20% 的樣本進(jìn)行檢測（樣本量不少于 5 件），若所有樣本的清潔度均達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，說明清洗過程穩(wěn)定；若出現(xiàn)部分樣本達(dá)標(biāo)、部分樣本不合格的情況，需分析是否因輸送帶速度不均、噴嘴堵塞導(dǎo)致噴淋不均勻，或工件擺放角度不一致影響清洗效果。連續(xù)多批次清洗時(shí)，需對(duì)比不同批次工件的清潔度，若某批次突然出現(xiàn)清洗質(zhì)量下降，可能是清洗液濃度不足、噴淋壓力異常等原因?qū)е拢杓皶r(shí)排查設(shè)備參數(shù)。

　　Consistency and stability assessment of cleaning are indispensable. Randomly select 10% -20% of the samples from the batch cleaned workpieces for testing (with a sample size of no less than 5 pieces). If the cleanliness of all samples meets the standard, it indicates that the cleaning process is stable; If there are some samples that meet the standard and some samples that do not meet the standard, it is necessary to analyze whether the uneven spraying is caused by uneven conveyor belt speed, nozzle blockage, or inconsistent workpiece placement angle, which affects the cleaning effect. When cleaning multiple batches in a row, it is necessary to compare the cleanliness of different batches of workpieces. If a batch suddenly experiences a decrease in cleaning quality, it may be due to insufficient concentration of cleaning solution, abnormal spray pressure, and other reasons. It is necessary to promptly investigate the equipment parameters.

　　清洗后的銹蝕與腐蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估需長期跟蹤。將清洗合格的工件按正常存儲(chǔ)條件放置（如室溫、通風(fēng)環(huán)境），24 小時(shí)后再次檢查表面狀態(tài)，金屬工件應(yīng)無新增銹蝕，說明清洗液的中和、防銹效果達(dá)標(biāo)（若清洗后未進(jìn)行防銹處理，需根據(jù)工件材質(zhì)的銹蝕敏感性評(píng)估）。對(duì)于使用腐蝕性較強(qiáng)的清洗液的場景，需通過鹽霧試驗(yàn)（針對(duì)金屬工件）進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證：將清洗后的工件放入鹽霧試驗(yàn)箱，按規(guī)定時(shí)間（通常 24 小時(shí)）測試后，觀察表面銹蝕程度，若銹蝕面積超過 5%，說明清洗過程可能對(duì)工件造成潛在腐蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，需調(diào)整清洗液配方或工藝參數(shù)。

　　The rust and corrosion risk assessment after cleaning need to be tracked for a long time. Place the cleaned and qualified workpieces under normal storage conditions (such as room temperature and ventilation environment), and check the surface condition again after 24 hours. The metal workpieces should have no new rust, indicating that the neutralization and rust prevention effects of the cleaning solution meet the standards (if rust prevention treatment is not carried out after cleaning, it needs to be evaluated based on the corrosion sensitivity of the workpiece material). For scenarios where highly corrosive cleaning solutions are used, further verification is required through salt spray testing (for metal workpieces): place the cleaned workpiece in a salt spray test chamber, test for a specified time (usually 24 hours), and observe the degree of surface corrosion. If the corrosion area exceeds 5%, it indicates that the cleaning process may pose a potential corrosion risk to the workpiece, and the cleaning solution formula or process parameters need to be adjusted.

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